8.TT.1.1

This eighth grade exit project is on the 30’s. This was an exciting time because all sorts of things were being made. Some of the events are… Pluto was discovered, and the helicopter was made. The 30’s really changed the world for a lot of people. The first year was 1930. This was when Pluto was discovered on February 18th by Clyde W. Tombaugh. The name “Pluto” was chosen on March 24, 1930 after eleven year old Venetia Burney. The surface of Pluto was made mostly of rock and ice which made the temperature around -360 degrees F. This is the farthest planet from the sun and it takes 248 years for Pluto to make just one orbit around it. The name was also given from the Roman God of the Underworld from Greek Mythology. This planet has the most elliptical and tilted orbit. Pluto comes after Neptune, the eighth planet and for decades Pluto was our ninth. In August, 2006 this was no longer called a planet but some still believe it is. The next year was 1931. This was the year the United States officially got the National Anthem or “The Star Spangled Banner”. U.S President Herbert Hoover was glad to sign on March 3, 1931. The words were written by Francis Scott Key on September 14, 1814. In the late 19th century the song was official. The song is now a tradition; it is now the National Anthem of our country, and the song of the military. Fort McHenry had the flag flying at the time the song was written. Robert L. Ripley spurred the interest, causing the song to be spread quickly. The flag was 32 by 40 feet and this song was known as the most patriotic song in our country. The year of 1932, the Yankees won the World Series. These games were played between The New York Yankees and The Chicago Cubs. New York had home field advantage, with four games, and won every time! Game one was on Wednesday, September 28th at Yankee Stadium. Game two was on Thursday, September 29th, also held at Yankee Stadium. Game three was on October 1st, this was held at Wrigley Field, Chicago. Game four, the final one was on October 2nd at the same place as game three. There was a lot of bench jockeying or as we call it these days “trash talk”. On June 3rd, 1932 Lou Gehrig was first to hit four homeruns in one game. Following that, the same game Tony Lazzeri had a single, double, triple, and a homerun. There is a monument at Yankee Stadium, center field in front of the flag pole dedicated to manager Miller Huggins. Five and three followed by many others are retired numbers to this day. In 1933, a legendary monster known as the “Loch Ness” or “Nessie” was spotted. Nessie had been said to have a large body, 4 feet high and 25 feet long, with a long, narrow neck thicker than an elephant’s trunk! The head was rectangular and he had four large flippers therefore, Nessie ranges form the size of an elephant to a whale. This creature only likes freshwater and was not known out of Scotland until 1933 then seen in a lake in Great Britain. It caught the world’s attention in 1933 on July 22. The number of reported sightings is big, people know Loch Ness to be dark and murky from the pictures that come in everyday. The cheeseburger was created in 1934. We don’t know exactly who invented it but credit is given to Lionel Stienberger. There is a monument in Denver, the birthplace of the cheeseburger. This was made when Stienberger decided to put a slice of cheese on the burger. The restaurant it was first served in was in Louisville, Kentucky at Kaelin’s Restaurant. Also Mallie’s Sports Bar & Grill made the Hall of Fame for the best cheeseburger. It was called a hamburger until this happened, and then it first got the name “cheeseburger” in Kentucky, in 1934. Some say “cheese-hamburger”. Shortly after it was invented everybody added toppings like ketchup, mustard, onions, mayo, tomatoes, pickles, and a lot others. Since the cheeseburger was made here its American food, you can buy it anywhere but mainly at fast-food places. Cheeseburgers are celebrated at cookouts birthday parties, etc. In 1935 Amelia Earhart was the first person to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean. She went from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California. Her Husband, George Palmer Putnam went with her. They spent two weeks in Honolulu but her real journey began in Los Angelas. She was the first women to accomplish this journey. Of course, before her flight she had to take lessons before she could go and put extra gas tanks in the plane. To pay for everything she worked as a telephone company clerk and a photographer. Amelia was born in Atchison, Kansas on July 24, 1847. Her flight started out on January 11th and 12th, 1935. Another piece of history she made was the first vice president of the National Aeronautic Association. Amelia loved flying, she wrote all about it. Her books were, “The Fun of it” and “Last Flight”. The books were then published after her disappearance. In 1936 Konrad Zuse made the mechanical calculator “Z1”. Zuse lived from 1910 to 1995. He was a construction engineer for Henschel Aircraft Company in Berlin. Also, he earned the semiofficial title of “inventor of the modern computer”. Four of these were made, the Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4. Everybody was excited for the first binary computer. These required three basic elements. They were a control, memory, and a calculator for the arithmetic. The Z1 was the first in the series. It was a very smart calculator that had a 64- word memory and each word contained 22 bits. Zuse got money from his parents through his life. His calculator also had an input-output device with a clock speed at 1 Hz. In the year 1937, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge opened. The bridge was 4,200 feet long and known as the longest bridge ever. It stands as a testament of innovation and imagination. There is a to day festival in May celebrating the anniversary. There are strings of parties, guided tours, festivals held on the waterfront, a visitor center, gift shops, and a place for bike riders. Before this suspension bridge was built a ferry was used to go across the San Francisco Bay to get to where needed to be. The bridge was completely finished in 1937. Irving Morrow designed the shape and the color was international orange. In the devastating year of 1938 New England’s Hurricane hit killing around 700 people. This hurricane developed on September 4th, 1938, then making a 12 day journey across the Atlantic getting stronger every day that passed. At the time it was considered the greatest hurricane. This was a very hard time. There were over two million trees down, severe flooding, and 8,900 homes were destroyed. The New England Hurricane was a category 3 with winds between 186 and 121 mph. On September 21, the hurricane finally hit and the bad news started. In just one day there was 6 inches of rain but overall it was about 17! In 1939 Igor Sikorsky invented the helicopter. Igor moved to the United States from Russia. He was involved in the Russian Revolution but came here to work on aircrafts. After his success, he began working on helicopters. Igor started working on his first helicopter and finished in the same year, 1939. He began flying it on September 14. Helicopters can perform many things. Most people use them to rescue and hovering is the easiest way. They produce thrust from blades rotating above the aircraft, which makes them easy to fly. As they rotate, airflow is created over the blades, causing the lift. The rotator blades can be controlled moving up, down, forward backward, and sideways. The way it’s controlled is by changing the angle. To do this you have to use a pitch stick located inside the helicopter.
 * THE FANTASTIC 30’s! **